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Bacteria that enter the small intestine respond rapidly to a change in their environment by producing a pilus (short, hair-like projection) that attaches to intestinal cells and by manufacturing and secreting a toxin. The genes required for pilus formation and cholera toxin production are transcribed in a single, polycistronic mRNA. The cholera operon is under positive control by the regulatory gene ToxR, which produces a transcription factor that is activated when it binds to a signal produced by cells lining the human intestine. 1. The signal from the human intestine is most ogous to (i.e., has a similar function) what molecule that is involved in regulation of the lac operon? 2. The cholera toxin is a protein with two polypeptide subunits, and , both produced from the single polycistronic mRNA. The ratio of concentration of and subunits in the bacterial cell is 1:5. What might account for this difference in concentration of subunits?